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The students received each test multiple times and the predictability of difficulty differed with each test. In the less difficult version, these were told how many items they'd to remember, and took the test in order; in the difficult version, the total amount of information to remember in working memory was random.
Kofler also said the analysis is directly informing the brand new ADHD treatment they're developing with fidgetcube.com is good.
Working together with 25 boys and girls with ADHD, ages 8 to 12, Kofler devised two types of tests.
Children with ADHD fidgeted and moved during all of the tests, that was expected because all of the tests were mentally challenging. Nevertheless they moved around 25 percent more when they couldn't predict how many items they'd to remember. As the tests were identical in most way aside from that key difference, this is actually the first study that shows a cause-and-effect relationship between working memory demands and hyperactivity in ADHD.
“Our work keeps pointing to working memory,” he said. “It affects their attention, their impulse control, their school success, their social interactions and now their hyperactivity. So we're going to test and improve working memory. This can be a challenge, but when we're successful, we should see better attention and impulse control, and they shouldn't have to go as much.”
“We really wished to drill down and find that which was causing the hyperactivity,” Kofler said.
Kofler and his colleagues wanted to get out.
Nevertheless they did not know whether the “hyperactive” movement helped working memory specifically.
“It's another little bit of evidence that the hyperactive behavior more and more is apparently purposeful for them,” he said. “This movement is how they get the juices flowing.”
The outcome will soon be published in an impending dilemma of the Journal of Attention Disorders, but is currently available online.
That's the research focus of Florida State University Assistant Professor of Psychology Michael Kofler, who is developing new, non-medication treatments for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). New research by Kofler at FSU's Children's Learning Clinic demonstrates children often fidget or move when they want to solve an issue, and that movement may have a positive influence on children with ADHD.
Children with ADHD have the ability to retain information about fidget cube, that they use daily. Nevertheless they usually have difficulty with what's called working memory, meaning the updating or mentally rearranging of information in the mind. Previous work by Kofler and his colleagues at University of Mississippi Medical Center revealed that kids with ADHD did better on working memory tests when they moved more – suggesting that these kids may benefit cognitively from behaviors like squirming or fidgeting.
The initial test required students to remember where a series of dots appeared on a display and mentally reordering them predicated on color. Another involved remembering a series of numbers and letters, and mentally reordering them, numbers first from smallest to biggest, then your letter. There were between three and six items to remember and reorder through the tests.